#4 / 2020

The article justifies the necessity of developing neoclassical didactics as a response to changes in the educational situation; shows the reasons for the development of neoclassical didactics as a methodological basis for modern school education and the rationale as the methodological foundations of modern school education; the principles, objectives and new procedures; the definition of neoclassical didactics, educational activities, understanding, reflection, educational communications, educational design from the perspective of neoclassical didactics; the substantiation of change in the status of the teacher and student, the roles of the teacher – organizer, designer of educational environments, designer of educational materials, navigator and tutor. The article describes the educational result of the main school – an open cognitive position. The parameters of an open cognitive position are shown: openness to knowledge, cognitive interest as the main motivating and meaning-forming motive, the ability to set goals, the ability to carry out design of educational and cognitive activities, individual educational route, education in general; the ability to solve: educational problems and tasks with a choice of content, instrumental, technological and communicative means; the ability to reflect and self-government. The article reveals the essence of the principles of education: openness, continuity, multiculturalism, innovation. Goals are considered at both the teacher (development of human integrity and identity) and student levels (implementation of educational needs, self-determination). New procedures for organizing educational and cognitive activities include: educational design, educational communication, reflection, and understanding. The article actualizes the idea of the need to build a modern theory of education, which requires the consolidation of efforts of teachers from different scientific schools and different countries, because the challenges to education are complicatedneo and unpredictable and require solving the problem of human capital development by means of education.

15-22.pdf

(136 Kb)

The article discusses the methodology and pedagogical technology of designing students’ individual educational results in the system of additional education. The student is considered as the subject of building his individual educational trajectory. Individual educational results (IER) are presented as steps of his advancement along the individual educational trajectory. The design of the IER is described in the context of the continuity of this trajectory, the continuity of the goals of educational advancement of the student at different stages of his socialization and social situation of development. The principles of individualization, dialogue and productivity of education are justified as the leading theoretical and methodological foundations of interaction between teachers and students in the design of individual educational results. The publication defines the purpose, tasks and exemplary forms of designing individual educational results of students in the system of additional education. The purpose of the design of the IER is the formation of students as subjects of conscious construction of an individual educational trajectory, leading them to achieve the immediate and promising goals of personal and professional self-determination. The article describes the pedagogical technology of designing individual educational results of students in the system of additional education, which involves the following stages: studying the educational situation of the student, joint targeting, building an individual educational route, and evaluating individual educational results. It is theoretically justified that the effectiveness of the described pedagogical technology is primarily determined by the possibility of achieving a qualitatively new level of subjectness of children, manifested in their readiness to meaningfully build their individual educational trajectory. Its use in the system of additional education will make it possible to achieve educational results in the context of the formation of the individuality of each child, corresponding to the dynamics of his personal educational situation and bringing him to the limits of new creative opportunities.

23-31.pdf

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The current approach in our country's universities to the organization of the physical education process and independent work on physical improvement in the structure of practical training of students is recognized by many leading scientists as one of the weak links in the professional education system. The purpose of our research is scientific substantiation and testing of the technology of pedagogical stimulation of motivation of students to physical improvement. The main task of the study is to develop the concept of organizing a phased process of stimulating the motivation of the student's physical self-development and pilot testing them in practice. The experimental work organized and carried out at the Karachay-Cherkess University was attended by 227 students conditionally assigned to two groups - experimental and control, and as experts were 10 teachers of physical education. The study revealed the motives for the physical self-development of students and an understanding of the significance of physical improvement in the professional formation of the personality, and the patterns of development of the student's motivational sphere. The following methods were used in experimental work: pedagogical observation of students in the process of academic and extracurricular activities; a survey of teachers and students; diagnostics of indicators of the level of development of motivation for the process of physical improvement; designing the educational process, etc. The technology of pedagogical stimulation of undergraduate students for physical improvement, developed by us, included the following interconnected stages: physical self-knowledge, physical and sports self-determination, self-realization and self-improvement, self-control and correction. Each preceding step was preparatory for the transition to a subsequent one. Each stage included four levels of motivation for physical self-development, characterized by specific qualitative and quantitative criterion assessments. The first level was fragmented motivation, the second level was segmental motives, the third level was sustainable motivation, the fourth level was systemic motivation. As a result of the implementation of the developed technology, we obtained data on the direction of motivation of students of experimental and control groups. In the process of experimental work in both groups there were positive changes in the direction of motivational guidelines of students regarding the process of physical improvement, but the most positive changes occurred in the experimental groups.

32-39.pdf

(131 Kb)

The processes of globalization, informatization and digitalization of the world community actualize the problem of introducing distance learning technologies into the education system. The relevance of the study lies in the insufficient development of methodological, technical and organizational issues of the use of remote educational technologies for training in the basics of life safety (BLS) in the system of secondary vocational education. The aim of the study is to identify ways to effectively organize distance learning technologies for BLS in college in pandemic conditions. The following research methods were applied in the work: analysis of regulatory documents, theoretical analysis and synthesis; questionnaire and survey, and pedagogical testing. A group (25 people) of students of the College of Nevinnomyssk State Institute of Humanities and Technology in the specialty of secondary vocational education 08.02.01 Construction and operation of buildings and structures, the level of education - basic general education - was chosen as an experimental group. The mechanism of access and work on the educational platforms Zoom, YouTube and using webinar rooms was worked out with the students of the experimental group. During quarantine prevention activities, classes were presented in a more detailed form through online platforms so that students and their parents would understand the learning process. Also, as additional resources, students were offered to watch educational television channels. The study has shown that the use of remote forms of education in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection provided the opportunity to educate not only children with disabilities, but also all students who did not experience such difficulties. The results of the study made it possible to conclude that the organization and use of distance education technologies for BLS learning in the secondary vocational education system make it possible to achieve the necessary quality of professional training for students not only through the widespread use of electronic educational resources, but also provided that they are combined with traditional forms and methods of education.

40-50.pdf

(310 Kb)

The processes of informatization and digitalization of the education system in the Russian Federation are integral elements of the innovation activities of institutions of continuing education. The article deals with the problems of carrying out educational activities of the university in the conditions of digital transformation of the education system and the introduction of distance learning. The publication discusses new challenges of modern reality, demanding the actualization of innovation activity of university teachers in students professional training. The authors analyze factors contributing to the introduction of information and distance educational technologies in the educational process of the university. The article identifies socio-economic prerequisites for the introduction, advantages and disadvantages of distance education in higher educational institution. The publication provides data on analysis of results of anonymous questionnaire of first-fourth-year students and faculty from Nevinnomyssk State Institute of Humanities and Technology, which make it possible to identify the reasons of difficulties in the process of professional activity of teachers and educational activities of students in conditions of distance learning. The study shows that the transition of higher education to the digital environment entails a revision of the general didactic system of the university, its methods and teaching techniques. It has been established that the creation of a digital educational environment will allow the student to fully realize his own personal potential, focusing not on social status, but on general cultural and digital competencies formed during his studies at the university. As a result, prerequisites are created for effective forecasting fundamental changes in the mentality of students, which will be reflected in approaches to assessing the meaning and objectivity of educational results. It is concluded that the innovative orientation of the digital transformation of the educational activity of the university is not separate phenomena, but a system that determines the vector of development of the educational space of higher education.

51-57.pdf

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The article discusses the organization of research work in the higher education system and the need for theoretical and practical readiness of students for the implementation of research activities. The publication explores issues of the motivational component of students' activities in the implementation of research work and identification of the subject area of research work. The results of the study made it possible to build a model for the formation of research skills of students in the higher educational organization in the field of physical culture and sports. This model includes pedagogical conditions for organizing the educational process, the implementation of which is possible when developing a complex of educational and methodological support for disciplines that contributes to the formation of research competence of students. This is the creation of a teaching and developing research environment through their participation in scientific and practical conferences, competitions, in the work of creative laboratories, in the development of projects, their inclusion in various types of creative research activities; ensuring the active independent research activities of students with the leading role of a scientific leader; target component (formation of student research skills), content component (selection of the content of the academic discipline "Scientific and methodological activity" in order to form student research skills); procedural component (implementation of research projects, the use of partially search and research methods of training in the process of organizing individual, group, and frontal forms of activity of students); evaluation and performance component related to identification of levels of formation of research skills in students.

58-64.pdf

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The article presents the results of theoretical and practical research on the prevention and correction of computer addiction in schoolchildren. To solve this problem, in the course of organizing and conducting an experimental study, the author's technology for preventing and correcting computer addiction of high school students was tested. For this the personality qualities of high school students were diagnosed, the level of development of structural components of computer addiction of schoolchildren was assessed, pedagogical conditions were identified and confirmed, ensuring the effectiveness of this process. The purpose of this study is to study the peculiarities of organizing the prevention and correction of computer addiction of high school students in a general education school. The implementation of the indicated goal involved solving the following main problems: to investigate the level of development of the problem, the features of the manifestation of computer addiction in high school students, the content of prevention and correction of computer addiction in schoolchildren, the feasibility of choosing and ways to implement pedagogical conditions for organizing the prevention and correction of computer addiction in schoolchildren, experimental testing of the author's pedagogical technology of prevention and correction of computer addiction in high school students. Our study of the pedagogical potential of the technology for preventing and correcting computer addiction in high school students made it possible to establish that its use opens up wider opportunities for schoolchildren, teachers and parents to know and learn how to effectively use means of preventing computer and Internet addiction to improve physical, mental health and social well-being. In order to determine the effectiveness of experimental work, we have developed the following criteria for the manifestation of computer addiction in high school students: cognitive (informational); emotional (emotional-evaluation) and behavioral. They served as the basis for identifying the level characteristics of computer addiction in schoolchildren. The positive dynamics of the change in the level characteristics of computer addiction in high school students, recorded during the experiment, allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of the developed pedagogical technology.

65-72.pdf

(175 Kb)

The article discusses the purpose and objectives of the State program on patriotic education of the younger generation of the Russian Federation, as well as the target guidelines and the content of the current strategy of education in the Russian Federation. The activity of the All-Russian children and youth military-patriotic social movement "Yunarmiya" is analyzed in the context of the state strategy in this direction, reflecting the military-applied aspects of educational work. Currently, Yunarmiya is one of the most important elements of the state program to revive patriotic values and educate the younger generation with a mission to form positively significant ideas about the Motherland, expressing an emotional attitude to the Fatherland and the culture of the native land. This movement involves the active participation of the military-pedagogical community in the implementation of educational tasks facing modern national education. The author analyzes the history of the formation of patriotism, which was laid back in Ancient Russia, received the greatest development in the Soviet period and ceased to exist after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The article considers modern threats caused by socio-political transformations in the country and facing the ideology of the development of the Russian Federation today. The publication analyzes measures taken by the State to address these issues. The article also discusses the Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 and the state program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020". Presented are the tasks in the education of youth, which should be solved by the Young Army Cadets National Movement.

73-80.pdf

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General trends in the deterioration of public health, the "rejuvenation" of many diseases, the growth of stressful factors, both natural and social, led to the need for special organization of health-protection activities with young categories of the population, including 25-30 year-old girls. It is not practical and not always effective to solve existing problems and prevent their exacerbation exclusively by medical means. It is necessary to preventively take care of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for girls, to include recreational physical education in the day mode. Today, there are various programs that are most relevant not only to maintaining and strengthening health, improving appearance, normalizing the psychoemotional state, but also to modern needs and interests of young people. These include fitness programs built on the use of gym devices. The use of simulators during fitness activities can ensure the maintenance of optimal physical condition and health. Such devices are especially effective for normalizing the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, etc. For 25-30 year-old girls, simulators are interesting, first of all, with their positive impact on anthropometric indicators, as well as the possibility of introducing elements of novelty into the content of traditional recreational physical education classes. Novelty and entertainment of classes, in turn, contribute to the normalization of mood and the emergence of positive emotions. In this regard, the goal of the study was to determine the general - objective and subjective - requirements for organizing recreational physical education with 25-30 year-old girls based on the use of gym devices.

81-87.pdf

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In the system of measures to prevent violations of the state of health of different groups of the population, special attention is paid to means of recreational physical education, the principles and methods of their effective use when organizing classes with different age, gender, professional, etc., groups of people. Different recreational and physical education programmes are required for different categories of the population. Their content, as well as the volume and intensity of loads, the periodicity of activities, etc., depend on typical gender and age-related risks of health deterioration. For women aged 25-30, such risks include a high probability of impairment of the functional state of the lower limbs. The analysis of methodological literature in the field of physical education and recreational technologies revealed a shortage of practical developments aimed at solving the above problem. In this regard, a comprehensive program of fitness training for 25-30 year-old women was developed, aimed at preventing violations of the functional state of the lower limbs. This article presents the content of this program, which includes a complex of recreational physical culture, a complex of aquaerobics, a complex of exercises for self-performance (at the workplace, in vehicles, at home), as well as recommendations on the sequence of physical exercises. Specially selected exercises of all three complexes are aimed at activating the muscles of the lower limbs, which do not work separately in everyday life, to ensure a positive effect on the muscle structures of the lower limbs. In this regard, it is believed that the introduction of the developed program into the system of physical education and health activities of 25-30 year-old women will effectively ensure the prevention of violations of the functional state of the lower extremities of those involved.

81-87.pdf

(129 Kb)

The issue of maintaining and improving women's health is now recognized as particularly relevant in view of the special role of women in the development of the nation and the health of the entire population. An important part of the working-age population is women aged 40-50, whose state of health is of particular concern to specialists. On the one hand, at this age, the initiated involutionary processes in the body are not yet pronounced clearly and do not cause special anxiety. On the other hand, this period is a period of social maturity, high labor activity, a career movement to which many contemporary women are committed. At the same time, family concerns or, in the absence of families, psychological problems associated with this create an additional burden. As a result, most women aged 40-50 are exposed to a range of socio-economic, environmental and physical factors that negatively affect health, but do not yet feel pronounced negative effects. Theoretically, various fitness technologies are gradually gaining popularity among contemporary women, but in practice their recreational potential is still not fully used for many reasons. This is the lack of systematic work to attract 40-50 year-old women to organized recreational fitness classes, and the incomplete compliance of the offered fitness programs with the objective needs and subjective interests of women, etc. In this regard, it is especially relevant to clarify the specific potential of fitness technologies in maintaining the health of 40-50 year-old women in order to further develop a program for its targeted use on this basis.

96-102.pdf

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The article considers the peculiarities of organizing extracurricular activities with junior students on the basis of a bilingual approach taking into account the requirements of the Federal State Education Standards of Primary Basic General Education (FSES PBGE), which contains the personal characteristics of the graduate: the ability to listen and hear, compliance with speech etiquette, the ability to express one's opinion, analyze and compile texts, conduct a dialogue with adults and peers, formulate questions and answers, and resolve conflicts. In modern primary school practice, there is a contradiction between the requirements of the FSES PBGE and the lack of a holistic system, including temporary, educational, technological, and cultural resources. Practical teachers, methodologists, and psychologists note the unwillingness of junior schoolchildren to demonstrate communicative potential in connection with their passion for virtual communication. Also, in modern socio-economic and cultural-psychological realities, there is a tendency to expand the differentiation of children by levels of readiness for school, which exacerbates the contradiction of the problem under study. The authors formulate the conclusions of the experimental study on the testing of the authors’ program, which includes a series of thematic educational and training situations, and theatrical games containing linguoculturological educational units of Russian and English vocabulary with a national-cultural component. To increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the author's program, the following psychological and pedagogical conditions were determined: the creation of a motivating communicative environment; inclusion of trainees in practical communication activities; organization of interactive interaction in Russian and English languages, ensuring gradual development of structural elements of communicative competence. The diagnostic experiment conducted confirmed the effectiveness of the developed extracurricular program in the conditions of modern primary school and a developing language environment. As evaluation tools, a set of methods was used to determine the level of development of communicative competence of younger students.

103-109.pdf

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In modern preschool educational institutions, the organization of effective physical education and recreational work with children of older preschool age becomes increasingly important. This is due to several aspects. Firstly, the promotion of children's health is recognized as one of the most important medical and pedagogical tasks in modern Russia, which is determined by negative trends in the state of health of the child population, and specific physiological, physical and psychological features of older preschool age. It is in the context of organized physical education, implemented by teachers of a preschool educational institution, that favorable conditions can be created for preventing the deterioration of children's health not by medication, but by pedagogical means, in particular, by means of health-improving physical culture. Secondly, physical and psychological preparation for school education is relevant for the study contingent of children. In this context, it is especially important to strengthen the immunity of children, increase the level of general performance, as well as the formation of a positive, interested attitude to motor activity as the basis for the formation of personal physical culture. In order to solve the whole variety of problems related to maintaining and improving the health of older preschool children, various means of health physical education can be used, among which recreational gymnastics is quite effective. Its potential positive impact on the physical and psychoemotional health of children is related to the emotional positivity of occupations, the innovativeness of their content, the possibility of constructing classes according to the game principle, etc.). However, the effective use of the potential of recreational gymnastics to organize physical education with older preschool children is constrained by a lack of knowledge about the content and organization of such activities. In this regard, the goal of our research was to determine the effective content and features of organizing recreational gymnastics with children of older preschool age.

110-116.pdf

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The transition of Russian education from a knowledge-functional to an activity paradigm requires a review of the organization of the educational process. One of the current trends is the formation at students of ideas about folklore as a system of moral values. The question of the fundamental role of the formation of spiritual and moral values, the development, and formation of personality and education was recognized and raised from the very beginning of the development of pedagogy as a science. Folklore plays an important role in the preservation and transfer to new generations of moral knowledge and progressive experience of traditional folk education. The formation and development of the personality, based on the material of Russian folklore, allow us to preserve the continuity of generations through the transfer to them of moral knowledge and experience of education. Close attention in article is paid to children's folklore (lullabies, pestushka, a nursery rhyme, a humourous catchphrase, the counting rhyme, a teaser, a tongue twister, a riddle, a proverb and a saying, fairy tale, etc.). The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge of ideas about folklore as a system of moral values among younger schoolchildren. As a result of the study, the authors presented the following provisions: folklore, being one of the forms of knowledge of the world, gives the child rich ground for mental activity, prompts him to observe, analyze, reason and fantasize.

117-123.pdf

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One of the private problems associated with negative trends in the state of health of Russian citizens is the problem of the physical and moral and psychological readiness of young men to serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. One of the important aspects of solving this problem is the introduction of physical education and recreation technologies in the process of physical education of pre-conscription boys - high school students. In turn, the effectiveness of the use of health-improving physical culture in preparing young men for military service requires clarifying methodological grounds and developing adequate substantive and methodological tools. This article presents the theoretical, methodological, substantive and methodological foundations of organizing recreational physical education with young men of pre-conscription age. They are developed on the basis of the results of theoretical analysis and empirical research. Theoretically isolated and empirically confirmed problems of physical and moral-psychological readiness of high school students to serve in the army determined a range of priority problems for the solution of which means of recreational physical education can be used. Theoretical analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to clarify the potential of physical education and recreation technologies in solving the identified problems. As a result, a methodology has been developed for organizing recreational physical education with young men of pre-conscription age, focused on increasing their physical and moral and psychological readiness to serve in the army. The methodology reflects the stages of training organization as a sequence of actions on diagnostics, planning, organization, selection of the content of classes, implementation of this content and monitoring of results. The key content of classes is determined on the basis of the results of the ascertaining study of indicators of physical fitness, physical development and health of young men. Leading requirements for the organization of classes are formulated.

124-130.pdf

(128 Kb)

In the range of problems that are studied and solved by sports science, issues related to tasks, content, means and methods of vocational physical culture occupy a special place. The continuing relevance of the related research is due to the diversity of professional activities, their constant increase, changes in content, the emergence of new health risks, etc. The last of these circumstances is associated with an increase in the relevance of the problem of building vocational physical education classes of a health-improving orientation with different categories of specialists. Its solution is especially important for professions in which negative effects on both physical health and the psychoemotional condition of workers are pronounced. Such types of work include the work of flight attendants, the specifics of which negatively affect the functioning of almost all systems of the body. At the same time, the success of the flight, the comfort of passengers, their satisfaction with the services provided and ultimately the competitiveness of airlines depend largely on the normal physical condition and psychological well-being of flight attendants. It was therefore in the interest of corporations to ensure the health of their employees, including female flight attendants. In this aspect, corporate fitness can become effective: fitness classes organized by the company for its employees both on the territory of their own sports base and by buying subscriptions to fitness centers. The effectiveness of this form of health care is determined by a number of factors, among which one of the most important is the possibility of implementing professionally oriented fitness programs. In this regard, it seems important to determine the requirements for the general content of such fitness programs, the implementation of which will make it possible to reasonably build a methodology for corporate fitness with female flight attendants

131-138.pdf

(134 Kb)

The formation of the value orientation of the individual is an important task facing our state and the education system; it is a preliminary standard for the transmission of value attitudes to the younger generation, and they, in turn, underlie the vitality of the ethnic group and are expressed in the socionormative culture of the people. It includes the attitude of the nation to the various values of society, reflects the process of its historical development, past achievements and challenges facing future generations. The implementation of attitudes in the field of education directly depends on the preparation of the teacher in this direction. It is on his personality, his general culture, knowledge of the progressive educational potential of traditional folk pedagogy, the ability to integrate it into modern education to a large extent determine the solution of the above tasks. Ethno-cultural preparation of a teacher for effective activity in a multicultural educational environment is an urgent problem of the modern education system. The teacher, in the process of communicating with people of different nationalities in a multinational team, must be able to listen and express his point of view, participating in the discussion of national and ethical problems, to show tact in assessing historical events, rituals, traditions of other peoples, to know well the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples living in the region, as well as master the basic methods and forms of work in a multi-ethnic educational environment. In the article the authors reveal the potential of the disciplines of psycho-pedagogical cycle programmes of the faculty of pedagogy and psychology, the development of which contributes to the formation of ethnocultural values in the future teacher.

139-145.pdf

(129 Kb)

The article discusses the determinants, mechanisms and technologies of formation of psychological readiness for modern professional requirements of the future teacher as a subject of successful pedagogical interaction that preserves self-identity in a multicultural environment. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to study the features of modern teachers' ideas about the components of psychological readiness to carry out productive interaction with students in a multicultural environment. The respondents were teachers of Rostov-on-don and Maykop who were undergoing advanced training. The study of the corresponding representations of teachers was carried out using the questionnaire method, using the author's questionnaire "Teacher as a subject of interaction". Based on the analysis of the data obtained as a result of the study, a number of conclusions can be drawn. The subjective views of modern teachers on the possibility of developing readiness for effective interaction in a multicultural context are rather curtailed. This is a certain professional risk and requires modeling the continuous professional and personal growth of a teacher as a modern subject of multicultural interaction, updating the motivation of competence, developing curiosity and interest in representatives of other cultures. The data obtained indicate that teachers do not sufficiently analyze the features of the multicultural educational environment, focusing on the problems that lie on the surface. It can be noted that there is insufficient knowledge of their own resources and risks as a subject of professional interaction. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are formulated for psychologists working in a multicultural educational environment on psychological support for professional and personal development of teachers as subjects of interaction with an emphasis on the advantages of training technologies.

146-151.pdf

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