#3 / 2017

The paper discusses the culturological approach to the formation of environmental awareness in adolescents in rural schools in the 1990s in Russia and in the Stavropol region, the analysis of the concept of agro-ecological culture of pupils, and the ecology of the geological environment; the author summarizes the forms and methods of formation of ecological culture in the rural schools of the Stavropol region. The idea of culturological approach in environmental education was offered in Russian pedagogy by N.S. Dezhnikova, B.T. Likhachev, and I.V. Tsvetkova. The approaches of these authors are reflected in the works of Stavropol teachers. Thus, L.I. Grekhova has developed a set of ecological and natural history studies. V.L. Gaazov, in collaboration with M.N. Lets and A.D. Tsymbal, has created a program "Basics of the school of environmental survival". Its main goal was aesthetic, moral, and ecological education of students through the tourist and local, school and extracurricular activities. B.L. Godzevich was engaged in the development of the concept of "ecology of the geological environment" as a separate field of science about human interactions with the earth's interior. In general, the paper shows that the teachers of the Stavropol region have made a significant contribution to the development of culturological approach to the formation of environmental awareness of adolescents in rural schools in the 1990s.

17-24.pdf

(182 Kb)

The paper presents an analysis of contemporary psychological and social-pedagogical domestic and foreign researches devoted to the study of a substitute family. The author reveals the specifics of the family structure, determines the motives of its functioning, systematizes the ideas about the adaptation period in the life of the family; describes the features of relationships in the substitute family and the factors that affect them, as well as the most common problems and difficulties faced by families raising orphans.

25-32.pdf

(186 Kb)

The paper presents the theoretical-methodological analysis of style characteristics of the teacher’s professional activity at higher education institution. On the basis of results of the executed review of the classifications of teaching style characteristics which are available in foreign and domestic psychology and pedagogical literature, the criteria reflecting features of creation of subjects’ relations in educational activity and the related choice of strategy of an effective solution of pedagogical tasks by the teacher and student are disclosed. The entity of styles of pedagogical activity is uncovered. Under this domestic teachers and psychologists understand the characteristic features of pedagogical skill which are traditionally developing in experience of the teacher of higher education institution. The authors show the instrumental nature of style as the personal preferred system of operations of the teacher’s professional activity and cognitive activity of the personality of the trainee. Consideration of style characteristics of professional activity and implementation of provisions and the principles of style approach will serve as a premise of improving efficiency of the individualized techniques of training and self-education and will provide high quality of educational process.

33-40.pdf

(184 Kb)

An opportunity to train highly qualified specialists in the system of the higher education in the defining degree is provided with quality of general secondary education of students. However in Russia, according to the vast majority of teachers – theorists and practitioners, many Russian entrants have no opportunity to come to study to the leading higher education institutions, and students experience serious difficulties in full development of professional educational programs. It is fair also for the system of military professional education: researchers note that one of its problems is the low basic level of intellectual, moral, psychological and physical competence of cadets, and lack of mental attitude at them to long military professional activity. In our opinion, in order to solve the specified problem it is expedient to use the potential of complementary education which is still insufficiently studied and considered as an organizational and substantial resource of modernization of Russian education, increase in its quality.

41-49.pdf

(186 Kb)

Experience in the organization of vocational guidance in the system of inclusive education in the countries of Europe and Russia is considered.

50-55.pdf

(174 Kb)

The paper presents the analysis of vocational guidance in Russia in the 20th century and describes the experience in the organization of vocational guidance of seniors using an example of Sochi State University.

56-58.pdf

(156 Kb)

The paper discusses the social portrait of entrants of vocational secondary education focused on the choice of specialties from "the Top-50" list. Researches in this field will make it possible to reveal problem areas and to create a possibility of updating the training program. Effective management of educational process is developed in the context of improvement of the policy of higher education institution directed to development of methods of increasing motivation of entrants and attracting potential students of higher education institution.

59-63.pdf

(166 Kb)

Formation of moral qualities at adolescents is considered. The attention is especially focused on extracurricular activities of the general education organization as environment of educational work. In this context the pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of the solution of the called problem are allocated. In author's representation pedagogical conditions are characterized as three-level hierarchical system in which each subsequent level discloses and concretizes the content of previous. The author shows contents, specifics and interrelation of the pedagogical conditions relating to the allocated levels.

64-69.pdf

(170 Kb)

Special Methods and Teaching Technologies

The ethnolinguodidactical problems of teaching foreign languages in a multiethnic environment are considered in the article. It is necessary to fill the humanitarian cycle with ethno-cultural content in order to provide the student with socio-cultural and educational comfort. These subjects, including foreign languages, have an ethnic orientation. The Foreign Language subject has a powerful ethnocultural potential. The teaching of a foreign language is based on the comparison of cultures, histories, literature and traditions of native, Russian and studied languages. There is a need to develop an ethno-cultural component that provides the use of folk writings. The folklore is an important sphere of ethnic culture of the Kalmyk people. The Kalmyk tale translated into German is the original tool for the teaching reading in German. For the selecting Kalmyk tales for linguodidactic purposes, the following criterions were used: a) the criterion of parallelism and originality; B) the criterion of entertaining; C) accessibility in conceptual and linguistic plans. The source for the selection was a collection of the Kalmyk tales translated into German by our compatriot Elena Dzhambinova, who had lived in Germany for a long time. The development of a complex of educational exercises on the material of the Kalmyk tales is methodologically justified, stipulating four stages. Stage 1 updates the background knowledge of students. They put forward assumptions and hypotheses. Stage 2 removes language difficulties. There is an explanation of the use of vocabulary expressing the socio-cultural realities of Kalmykia. At the third stage, the language material is activated. In the last fourth stage, the students learn to understand the metaphorical nature of a fairy tale and to recognize its subtext. The developed set of exercises provides a high level of formation of reading skills with the use of Kalmyk tales in German. The peculiarity of learning to read fairy tales is the development of the ability to read, to extract meaning between the lines. The understanding is realized not on the semantic, but on the language level. This is a quite common phenomenon in the imperfect knowledge of a foreign language, when all the words are understandable, and the meaning of the text (fairy tale) is unclear. The subtextual information arises due to the ability of words, phrases, sentences in separate small segments to conceal a hidden meaning. One of the main features of the fairy tale is its metaphorical character, its allegorical character, when human values, like justice, decency are revealed not directly, but indirectly, through a special form of narrative. The ability to understand the metaphoricalness of a fairy tale cannot be considered separately from the ability to interpret, when a meaningful interpretation of the fairy tale takes place.

70-78.pdf

(186 Kb)

Modern Problems of Psychology

The paper presents the analysis of the main approaches to the study of subjective views in modern psychology. The author shows the psychological features of student age as a period of building the model for future life. A set of psychological determinants of success in building family relationships is identified. The role of conceptualization in regulation of activity aimed at search and selection of partner is revealed. The results of empirical studies of the views of boys and girls about the psychological factors of success in family relations are given.

79-86.pdf

(181 Kb)

Change of life expectancy of the population in our country for the last twenty years in total with increase in the period of an active creativity actualized the questions of definition of the place and a role of the population of advanced ages in public structure. The field of the solution of the questions posed is multiaspectal and includes a number of positions: these are problems of social security and prosperity, age social and psychological features, as well as education problems. The new direction in the education focused on satisfaction of inquiries of the elderly population demands specification of many key categories, in particular definition of the subject of gerontological education. Author's vision of the stated problem is shown.

87-93.pdf

(224 Kb)

In the article, based on the results of practical research, features of Adyghe young people’s notions about positive and negative aspects of globalization, their values and dreams are revealed. Three main factors of involvement of young men and women in globalization processes are identified: Information and cultural aspect of globalization, Consumer dimension of globalization, and Implications of globalization. It is concluded that involvement in the processes of globalization influences the perception of the consequences of these processes, the "personal project" of the respondents, as well as the personal and semantic features of the ethnic identity of the Adyghe young people.

94-105.pdf

(236 Kb)

Educational Space of Physical Training and Sports

This paper presents the materials of many-year analytical research on systems analysis of the theoretical and methodological line items defining the effective approaches to a solution of the problem of formation and development of the personal professional and application-oriented physical culture (PAPC). The analysis of numerous scientific and methodical publications and the author’s own pedagogical experience have become the basis to define intrinsic characteristics of the concept "professional and application-oriented physical culture as set of socially justified biological and didactic factors providing directional use of means of sports activities in the context of increasing level of professional readiness of experts". Recommendations are given on positioning of the multilayered structure of this personal phenomenon integrating educational activities of the individual in order to obtain knowledge, form motivation and develop the qualities and properties of an organism contributing to the origin and further development of professionally application-oriented sports readiness. The set of signs is defined which regulate contents and the organization of process of formation and development of PAPC, including those of the culturological, projective, procedural, personal and socially justified character. The correlative analysis of intrinsic characteristics of definitions of "sports education" and "professional and application-oriented sports education" is provided. The list of the factors causing stages and components of the professional side of formation and development of PAPC in many respects predetermined by features of professional activity of the person is provided. Forms, features of independent work, and basic criteria of pedagogical assessment of level of experts’ professional and application-oriented physical culture are described.

106-113.pdf

(178 Kb)

As the analysis of scientific and methodical literature shows, the research of increasing high-speed endurance in tennis players by means of respiratory technologies is a hot topic for the theory of a sports training in big tennis. The goal of our research is to define ways to increase high-speed endurance in tennis players by means of respiratory technologies. Within this goal the following objectives have been realized: the technique of increasing high-speed endurance in tennis players by means of respiratory technologies has been developed and the experiment was made to introduce it in educational and training process of tennis players; influence of the developed technique on indicators of external breath and high-speed endurance of tennis players was studied. Use of the author’s technique of increasing high-speed endurance in tennis players by means of respiratory technologies within special physical training along with traditional methods and means of a sports training of tennis players has led to increasing indicators of vital capacity of lungs of athletes and their high-speed endurance.

114-119.pdf

(197 Kb)

The paper discusses the scientific and methodical basics of the organization of senior pupils’ profile training in physical culture. The main ideas put in historical and social, system and activity, system and structural, personal focused and complex methodological approaches are disclosed. The paper shows the contents of a profile course "Physical Culture: Bases of Knowledge" and ways of formation of the intellectual component of physical culture representing the powerful tool to turn obligatory educational activity into process of sports self-education, to create conditions for successful self-determination and socialization of the personality in society. Mastering by pupils of the author's program promoted finally the increase in the level of development of personal physical culture, conscious change of views of the nature of physical activity, its role in life of modern society and the person, and as a result formation of new structure of sociocultural interests and needs of personality of senior pupils, meeting the conditions and requirements of modern life. The uncovered scientific and methodical bases of the organization of pupils’ profile training in physical culture are the theoretical-methodological and methodical base owing to which senior pupils will be able not only to increase the level of knowledge in the sphere of physical culture and physical fitness, but also to seize significant universal educational actions and sociocultural competences which they will be able to successfully apply in creation of the course of life.

120-125.pdf

(171 Kb)

The paper presents the results of gender studies of personality development in teen-age athletes and their peers not involved in sports. Intra-group gender differences have been obtained among handball teen-age players and their peers not involved in sports. Gender differences available in the group of students not involved in sports are much smaller, indicating a uniform formation of the stereotypical characteristics of the gender. In the group of athletes, there are far more differences, indicating the influence of sport on the formation of both positive and negative gender features. Our research has shown that handball occupations lead to an increase in gender differences due to the high requirements for physical and mental characteristics of athletes, not always appropriate for socially accepted stereotypes of femininity. This is manifested on sense of self and psychological protection used in stressful situations, which can be related to the complication of gender identity. At the same time, the male stereotype emphasizes and manifests itself in self-acceptance and implementation of self-control in the activities.

126-131.pdf

(210 Kb)

The purpose of physical training recognized today – formation of physical culture of the personality – does not cancel need of providing for each child of a necessary minimum of basic theoretical, technical and physical training. The researches conducted by scientists and practicians in the field of physical training visually confirm decrease in level of physical fitness and health of younger generation. The traditional system of physical training which is based on a cool and fixed form and standard and standard approach to the organization of physical education classes and almost not considering identity of the pupil does not provide optimum development of physical qualities and abilities of pupils. In this regard the problem of new ways of the organization of physical training at school providing high motivation of physical activity of students thanks to compliance to their individual and group interests and requirements is staticized.

132-139.pdf

(180 Kb)

In the modern system of general education, educational institutions are the primary link in the general system of physical education of youth. To effectively implement the tasks of qualitative training of conscripts in physical training, it is necessary to use new methods, one of which is an integrated lesson. The integrated lesson assembles the disciplines "Fundamentals of Life Safety" and "Physical Culture". The basic elements of front training of senior pupils – army conscripts, included in physical education classes contribute to health promotion; instilling habits of healthy lifestyle; formation of physical readiness for the subsequent labor activity; physical and moral-psychological readiness of conscripts for service in the Armed Forces of Russia; and readiness for human actions in extreme and unfavorable conditions.

140-144.pdf

(165 Kb)

The paper examines the possibility of formation of nutritionally balanced diet competence, as an important component of health-saving technologies at the female students engaging in health-improving fitness, in the course of the analysis of features of their diet and food habits.

145-152.pdf

(186 Kb)

In the modern conditions of the development of society, the role and responsibility of the education system for training students on safety issues, the formation of a culture of safe behavior and habits of a healthy lifestyle are growing. The main tasks of teaching the basics of safety are: developing and securing in the students a general idea that any human activity is potentially dangerous, inculcating knowledge and elementary skills of safe behavior at home, in the street, in school, in nature. To effectively solve problems, it is necessary to use traditional methods and innovative teaching methods, such as: the method of case studies, practical exercises on the basis of specialized public service institutions, the method of computer simulation, an integrated method of teaching.

153-158.pdf

(121 Kb)

Need to improve health and to form a healthy lifestyle of the teacher's case represents a resource to increase efficiency of educational activity in physical culture and sports at modern school. The purpose and objectives of this research include studying motivational readiness for physical exercises of teachers of physical culture. The authors have revealed that the level of needs of the personality for physical activity is low. It decreases with age, reaching sound distinctions at female teachers. The methodical recommendations focused on improvement of health and professional longevity are developed and introduced in the program of professional development of teachers of physical culture.

159-163.pdf

(174 Kb)

Creation of the conditions allowing all citizens to implement a healthy lifestyle and to realize the needs for physical activity is among the most important directions of social policy of the state. Particular importance in this context is given to development of mass sport and the organization of physical training of the population at the place of residence. At the same time it is obvious that these requirements and interests have to be considered when planning sports, health-improving and mass sports actions in regions and in the country on the whole. Thus, updating the content of sports work with the population at all levels has to be based on objective knowledge of sports requirements, interests, opportunities and expectations of citizens. The research the results of which are presented in this paper is devoted to determination of the specified parameters forming the bases for definition of the directions of management optimization of the system of mass sports actions in the region (through the example of Chechen Republic).

164-171.pdf

(184 Kb)

Physical education has the essential potential of positive influence on the indicators of the person’s health – factors of personal competitiveness and direct improvement of a number of intrinsic competitive qualities. As pedagogical process, physical education has potential for creation of the pedagogical conditions meeting the requirements of competitiveness-developing orientation of the educational environment (competitive spirit, communicativeness, collectivist orientation, variability and uncertainty of situations of interaction, psychophysiological tension of situations of interaction). In addition, only purposeful use of physical activity as means of strengthening health and development of the personality in general, including its competitiveness, is possible in the course of physical training as part of the content of education.

172-182.pdf

(204 Kb)

High sporting achievements, successful performances at the international level are based on long-term, many-year effective sports training of athletes. In turn, an opportunity to train qualitatively and to progressively increase sports results is based on harmonious and effective work of system of preparation of a sports reserve. Today decrease in quantitative indices at the lower levels of system of preparation of a sports reserve is noted, the motivation of children and teenagers to sports activities has decreased that defines many problems of manning the contingent engaged on different levels of training a sports reserve. Often parents of young athletes and school students, who could play sports, don't realize usefulness and the importance of sports activity for their children. Thus, problems of optimization of process of involvement and retaining of children and teenagers in sport are actualized. Their effective solution, considering the aforesaid, is possible only in interaction of the educational organization and family.

183-190.pdf

(599 Kb)