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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series «Pedagogy and Psychology» |
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#1 / 2013General Problems of PedagogyN.Sh. BlyagozOrganizational and methodical ensuring pedagogical process of teaching pupil to be environmentally and socially conscious The paper presents the author's understanding an ecologization of pupil’s consciousness, organizational ideas and the purpose of pedagogical process of its implementation. The reason is given for the preference of the problem-developing type of the training, assuming the corresponding understanding of mechanisms of training and personality development. The group of methods and forms of the organization of training adequate to this type of training is proposed.
The problem-solving learning as a correction factor of value orientations in young offenders Being guided by a paradigm of humanistic pedagogical process, the pedagogical reality needs research and development of the special didactic means, capable to correct value orientations of minor offenders. Methods of problem-based learning as a didactic tool still remain outside the scope of their study of correctional options. The objective of this study is to theoretically justify the correction of value orientations of young offenders in a problem-based learning. The object of study is the process of problem-based learning in literature classes in the SPU system. The subject of study is a correction value orientation of juvenile offenders. This paper deals with the idea of problem-based learning in the context of the value orientations of the individual, showing the psychological and pedagogical problem-based learning mechanisms that contribute to the correction of value orientations of young offenders.
Formation of social experience of younger pupils in the conditions of pedagogical interaction The paper shows the results of the research devoted to identification of scientific and methodical bases of the organization of pedagogical interaction, providing formation of social experience of younger pupils. The author defines the content of social experience of pupils in accodance with the content of modern educational standards, identifies the criteria for its formation and gives a set of psychological and pedagogical conditions for the organization of pedagogical interaction. A stage-by-stage process of their realization in real education conditions is described.
Modelling of system of professional education of the expert identity considering social and professional qualities The paper shows methodological bases and the empirical material obtained in the course of research, coceiving the professional education as the multipurpose, multilevel and multifunctional process the effective organization of which is possible only within a system approach. The author characterizes the main components of creation of a model of professional education in higher education institution on the basis of a mental approach. This model allows identification of structure, functions, the purposes, the content of subjects, conditions of efficiency and criteria for an assessment of this process in its system dependences. The description of such a model makes it possible not only to structure interrelations of all elements of the system, but also, which is especially important, to reveal its key positions which demand optimization at adoption of organizational and administrative decisions. In addition, the modeling is used not only to identify real level of system functioning, but also to predict the directions of its development and improvement.
Formation of multimedia competence of intercultural communication in future experts The paper examines the problem related to professional competence of the modern foreign language teacher. The importance of formation of lingual multimedia competence in a context of future professional activity of students is proved. The reason is given for a need of an interdisciplinary approach for ensuring ability and readiness of students to use multimedia means in pupil training. The authors generalize a practical experience in using photos of the Figaro newspaper electronic version at formation of lingual multimedia competence in students.
Formation of the innovation competence in a senior self-education activity The paper discloses the possibilities of self-educational activity of a senior in the course of formation of innovative competence in a system of profile (pedagogical) classes. Self-educational activity is conceived as the means of formation of competence which gains special importance in professional formation of seniors. Investigating interrelation of innovative and self-educational training through the component associativity of innovative and self-educational activities in an education system, we promoted enrichment of structural components of the educational process in elements of the personal importance and intensified self-educational activity. Design of the interconnected process made it possible to draw a conclusion that the training process represents a uniform self-developing system of structurally interconnected components, realizing synthesis of knowledge and skills and creates conditions for self-improvement of the individual and readiness for innovative self-development.
Self-presentation competence of the modern competitive expert An analysis is made of the concepts of “self-presentation”, “self-presentation activity” and “competence”. Definition is presented and the essence of concept of “self-presentation competence” is disclosed. The revealed structure and the content of self-presentation competence of the personality are presented. The cognitive component is described as set of knowledge on himself as the personality and the expert; on the organization in which the expert works; on factors, means and ways of self-presentation, etc. The motivational and value content of self-presentation competence is characterized through the purpose-defining (achievement of success, aspiration to feel the efficiency, etc) and means-defining (motivation of professional activity, professional self-development, etc.) motives of self-presentation activity. The activity-behavioural component includes intellectual (the analysis and information interpretation, introspection, information selection, etc.) and practical (design of the purposes and content of self-presentation, communication organization, etc.) self-presentation skills, as well as experience in effective self-presentation. Self-presentation competence is proved as a factor of competitiveness of modern experts.
A model of the pupil of music school / school of arts for children in modern reform system of primary additional music education An attempt is undertaken to create a model of the pupil of music school / school of arts for children in a system of primary additional music education. Using theoretical works of domestic teachers, normative documents of comprehensive school, the music school programs of the Soviet period and the Regulations of the Apsheronsk school of arts, the author creates two models – Soviet and modern – and carries out their comparative characteristic. Creation of a model of the pupil of music school / school of arts promotes elaboration of strategy and technologies of modern musical and educational process.
The training form of learning a social role of a handicraftsman – businessman In the Russian society, a problem of marginal status of handicraftsmen – businessmen engaged in “shady business” remains relevant. A handicraftsman – businessman who wants to get the status in the social system in response to the demands of the society must carry out actions, a set of which is defined as a social role. The social role and the content of the activity of handicraftsman – businessman are interrelated, but the role-type is non-uniform, therefore, according to the results of definitions of the content of the activity (separately for handicraftsman and businessman), the authors give the characteristics of the activity of handicraftsman – businessman and his social role. The maximum dynamics of change of the social-role behavior can be achieved in the course of group psychotherapeutic trainings or during training tuition. The training form of learning will shape a social-role behavior in graduates of educational institutions of a craft profile inherent only to handicraftsmen – businessmen, along with professional knowledge and skills. The paper proves the most effective trainings with the use of such a method of behavior correction as image therapy or sociodrama approach to the interpretation of human actions. The authors propose a model of socialization of handicraftsmen – businessmen, on a way to which it is necessary mto pass three stages: externalization, combination and internalization.
Scientific bases of the educational and methodical complex design for disciplines of the psychological and pedagogical cycle In order to identify a structure of the educational and methodical complex (EMC) for a discipline it is important to reveal a system of ideas which will serve as reference points in definition of structure and the content of EMC. Having considered the most popular approaches to education and having compared them in the pedagogical plan to a number of the positions characterizing the quality of education, we allocated the strategic lines put in them promoting productivity of the educational process, answering inquiries of social customers not only in respect of assimilation of a certain volume of knowledge by pupils, but also in development of the personality, his informative and creative abilities. Proceeding from personal pedagogical experience and the analysis of domestic works, taking into account the allocated criterion ideas, actual positions are chosen from the various models of EMC which served a basis for our own design of EMC.
Organization of axiological education in the course of pupil learning The paper shows the results of the scientific research on searches and justification of scientific bases and practical ways of the organization of axiological education in the course of pupil learning a foreign language. The essence of axiological education of pupils is characterized. The author describes the system of humanistic value orientations, its structural components and criteria and the system of the revealed psychological-pedagogical conditions of the organization of axiological education in the course of pupil learning. This work provides also the developed and experimentally approved model and technique of axiological education in the course of pupil learning a foreign language.
The resource importance of addresses of citizens for development of the system of municipality The paper proves that it is possible and necessary to use addresses of parents, parental organizations and parental groups to define directions of activities of a municipal education system. The author shows the organizational and pedagogical conditions of effective use of the address of citizens in the municipal education system.
Special Methods and Teaching TechnologiesT.P. AvanesovaProblem of marine officers’ professional trainingby using computer technologies The paper discusses the didactic efficiency of professional training with the help of computer technologies in the field of Military Pedagogy, Psychology, Theory of Systems, Control Theory, Theory of Information, Designing, Ergonomics and Informatics. Personnel training depends on the fulfillment of course tasks and active service duties with the help of information technologies. The system of qualification training provides the organization of training at the automated working place and in accordance with the principles of individual learning. On the one hand, in terms of the theory of systems, the task of creating the educational technology assumes the optimal design of an automated training system. On the other hand, it becomes necessary to ensure the effective interaction between the teacher and the computer to control training in the course of the real-aided automated practical lesson. Special attention should be paid to the organization of training, meeting the principles of individual learning in the process of conducting training activities at the automated working place.
Correction of value orientations in minor offenders at literature lessons The paper discusses the factors of correction of value orientations in minor offenders at literature lessons: the problem–based learning and the value approach. The problem-based learning is a condition of successful correction of value orientations in teenage offenders when studying the literary text. During settlement of problem situations the pupils make an adequate assessment of the humanistic values presented in literary and art work. Collision of positions, points of view and complicated vital collisions of a work of art provide an opportunity to reveal and fix moral values, to create belief, moral estimates and self-assessment without which formation of moral consciousness is impossible. Special place in formation of moral consciousness is assigned to literature as to an art form. The artistic image created by imagination of the writer, possesses ability to integratively influence mentality of the person, covering both emotional and rational components of consciousness. The problem-based training at literature lessons is capable to arouse interest to work, to force not only to read, but also to like it, to comprehend the author's value system and to develop the own vital views, beliefs and value hierarchy.
The Adyghe pupil philological training on the basis of the interconnected learning the language cycle subjects: similarities and distinctions in studied languages The comparative and typological description of lexical and grammatical units of the Russian and Adyghean languages made it possible to establish similarities and distinctions at syntactic level of these languages. This study provides an opportunity of orienting a system of work on development of a coherent Russian speech in pupils at Adyghean schools to overcome the phenomena of interference and creates conditions for leaning on the transposition phenomena and use of the skills acquired by pupils at lessons of the native language to develop the Russian speech.
Modern Problems of PsychologyA.A. AldashevaProfessional competence: the concept and structure Theoretical analysis of the concept of competence has allowed us to determine the structure of professional competence and allocate technological and super-professional levels. The author shows the place of knowledge, experience and I-concept and substantiates the importance of motivational factors in the selection of behavioral strategies as a competent decision of situational problems in the assessments of professional prospect. The peculiarity of professional competence is defined as an individual way of solving activity problems, reflecting the psychological characteristics of its effectiveness.
The purpose in life and emotional intelligence in structure of the personality of the social worker An attempt is undertaken to find the purpose in life and its relationship with the emotional intelligence: a substantial component of attraction in the mental unit “another significant person” in the structure of the personality of a social worker. Social workers are characterized by peculiar structuring and by formation of a high-level purpose in life orientation; they have a medium-high level of emotional intelligence, which is closely related to value-semantic field of personality. The object of developmental impact is selected: the ability to manage his own emotions. Some aspects of the problem are identified as a task for the next stages of the study.
Influence of sex, age, gender and professional distinctions on disposition towards manipulative behavior A change of collectivistic to individualistic values is observed in the Russian modern society. This is in turn accompanied by distribution of the dissymetric interpersonal relations: the relations of rivalry, competition and manipulation. Therefore very topical is carrying out system researches to reveal influence of sex, age, gender and professional distinctions on disposition towards manipulative behavior (Machiavellism) in the interpersonal relations.
Interrelation of leader styles and interpersonal trust in professional groups An analysis is made of an actual problem of modern organizational psychology, namely: organizational leadership and its interrelation with a phenomenon of interpersonal and intra-group trust. Basing on the analysis of empirical data three leader styles prevailing in a control system of medical nursing staff are described. Their psychological contents are given. The author shows in what interrelation they are with the components of interpersonal trust peculiar to subordinates. As a result of the carried-out analysis three types of organizational trust are allocated: “Trust by identity and interest”; “The trust basing on understanding of people”; and “Emotionally focused trust with emphasis on reliability component”.
Features of matrimonial relations in “dual-career” and “non-career” marriages The paper discusses a peculiarity of partner difficulties in the “dual-career” marriage related to realization of professional career by both spouses. During the past decades the number of “dual-career” marriages increase in Russia - the matrimonial unions in which the main or one of the main vital values for both spouses is career. The authors investigate the reasons of occurrence and features of conflicts in the married couples being in “dual-career” and “non-career” marriages, as well as satisfaction of spouses with their marriage.
Educational Space of Physical Training and SportsA.V. BykovPenalties in floorball and characteristics of games in the power play This paper presents results of research of competitive activity in the 2011 Women's World Championship. In the final part of the World Championship 94 fouls were recorded, which led to the penalties of players: 43 at the group stage and 51 during the play-off. It has been revealed that all breaches of the rules resulted in a penalty of a 2-minute suspension, no one 5-minute and match penalties were shown by the referees in the tournament. The author defined parameters of the game in power play in the final of the 2011 Women's World Championship. The total effectiveness of the game in the numerical majority in the tournament was 27.65%. Best performance in games fixed in a majority of the leading women's national teams of the world is 48.3% .
Health improving and training effect of shaping on the organism of women The paper discusses features of health improving and training effect of shaping on the organism of women with different levels of physical and functional training. The heart rate dynamics was used as the main indicator of operational control. Heart rate was measured by sports tester RS-400, which allowed us to obtain high-precision data. We evaluated the effectiveness and the adequacy of health improving and training effect on the organism of women during regular shaping activities twice a week. The factors influencing the health improving and training effect of shaping activities are presented.
Intermediate positions in judo as a technical and tactical category of suddenness in achievement of sport success Incompleteness of techniques classifications of different types of fight attracts attention to studying and mastering technical and tactical actions in intermediate positions between the stand and parterre. In all types of fight there are intermediate positions which can be used with success for the actions leading to a prize, at the expense of pursuit of the opponent or at the expense of data in a prone position at the moment of a throw. It considerably impoverishes a technical arsenal of fighters, reduces dynamics of fight and demands introduction of a technique of mastering by actions in intermediate positions. With a view of search for reserves of increasing productivity of a judo in modeling experiment, with attraction of several pairs of judoists with qualification not below the candidate for the master, a possibility of realization of estimated technical actions in sections of fight of a half-standing and semi-lying (in transitional positions) was tested. The natural pedagogical experiment was carried out in which control and experimental groups participated consisting of 12 fighters of the 2nd year of education. In this experiment, efficiency was approved of studying and realization of fight techniques in transitional positions of fight of the judo acquired during semi-annual training with its inclusion after studying fight standing. As a result of processing, data were obtained testifying to statistically authentic advantage of participants of experimental group according to all technical and tactical indicators. Inclusion of studying technical and tactical actions in intermediate positions (in the section of fight of a half-standing and semi-lying) in the program of an educational and training stage of preparation considerably increases productivity of a judo.
Techniques of using strength-developing trainers during health-care classes with men of mature age The paper discusses the basic components of methodology (means, methods and techniques) that have an impact on the health-care effects of training in the gym. Strength exercises of major muscle groups are considered to be the basic means. Exercises are made on strength training apparatuses in quasi-izotonic mode during circular training. We used visual marks as methodological procedures to determine the amplitude of the performance of each exercise, focusing attention of the men on muscular sensations during the exercises. The impact of strength training by the method of “circular training” on the health improvement owing to training in the gym was established. Data, describing the features of the training effects on the organism of mature aged men, are presented. The dynamics and overall heart rate, the dynamics of blood pressure and magnitude of training load are used as the main indicators.
The concept of long-term force training in the female judo A research objective is synthesis of objective information on a wide range of pilot studies specially organized and carried-out to obtain data concerning features of the modern organization of judoist force training, features of a traumatism at judoists, features of muscular activity at carrying out base techniques of a judo, nature of influence of training and competitive activity, as well as selection of judoists by morphological indicators, character of a calendar of competitions of highly skilled judoists and a formulation of basic provisions of the concept of long-term force training in a female judo. To achieve these purposes, an analysis and generalization of scientific literature, the direct and returnable analysis and synthesis, abstraction and semantic modeling were used. As a result, provisions of the concept of long-term force training in the female judo, subject to further experimental check are formulated.
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