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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series «Pedagogy and Psychology» |
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#2 / 2023GENERAL PEDAGOGY, HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY AND EDUCATIONDagbaeva N.Zh., Khaludorova L.E., Bazarova T.S.SOCIO-CULTURAL INITIATIVES OF THE TEACHER IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
This article examines the features of socio-cultural initiatives of teachers in the context of education for sustainable development. An attempt is made to substantiate their importance for the improvement of the surrounding world and personal and professional growth of teachers. Initiation is understood not only as a process that promotes the emergence of ideas, but a process closely related to innovation, so it can be considered one of the ways to organize innovation. Own working definition of the initiative is given.
Education for sustainable development uses all the positive achievements of traditional environmental education, enriching it with a social, economic and cultural context, which can be seen on the example of the development of socio-cultural initiatives of teachers in different regions of Russia. This article presents the experience of the Lake Baikal region, on the shores of which the culture of Buryats, Semeiskie, Evenks and other peoples of the country harmoniously develops.
The methodology of consideration of this topic is the concept of education for sustainable development (ESD), which has been actively developed in recent decades, describes the main research centers developing the content and technologies of this relatively new scientific and educational direction of pedagogy.
There are also foreign scientific schools represented by universities and public environmental organizations, with which cultural and social initiatives of teachers are jointly developed. Methods such as the analysis of scientific literature and a sociological survey were used. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that a working definition of the concept of "initiative" is given and, socio-cultural initiatives are presented as socio-cultural projects as a result of the study.
PREVENTION OF VICTIM GENDER SOCIALIZATION OF ADOLESCENTS
The analysis of the theoretical foundations for the prevention of victim gender socialization, namely: the phenomenon of victim gender socialization in the modern world is revealed, the factors of victim gender socialization are described, and the features of victim gender socialization of modern schoolchildren are highlighted. The modern realities of the development of human civilization challenge the traditional value orientations and models of education. Serious changes have also taken place in the public attitude towards the constancy of the male and female sexes. In many Western countries, a clear course has been taken to liberalize views on non-traditional sexual orientation, transgenderism and other phenomena that were previously considered pathologies. However, the public consciousness of the majority in the Russian Federation still adheres to traditional views on the functions of the male and female sexes in social regulation, on the desirability of masculine characteristics in men and feminine characteristics in women. Also, the traditional views inherent in the Russian mentality are reflected in state policy. For example, despite massive criticism from other countries and Russian liberal public figures, legislative initiatives were supported to ban propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations among minors (amendments were made to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, Federal Law N 436-FZ "On protection of children from information that causes harm to their health and development” and other legal acts). The public preferences of media consumers do not yet provide high ratings for media products proclaiming non-traditional gender-role attitudes. Parents are seriously concerned about the possible provocative influence of non-traditional sexual culture on the younger generation. The study describes methods for diagnosing victim gender socialization, analyzes the experience of prevention of victim gender socialization in schoolchildren, presents a program for the primary prevention of victim gender socialization in schoolchildren and the results of its experimental verification.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR PROMOTING THE HEALTH OF FEMALE CADETS OF THE FIRST YEARS OF STUDY
This article reveals theoretically developed and empirically proved set of organizational and pedagogical conditions of health promotion of female cadets of the first years of training in the educational environment of the military higher education institution as factor of improvement of quality of education. The relevance of the problems of the conducted research is based on the results of scientific and theoretical analysis and systematization of the data of educational practice. Organizational and pedagogical conditions of health promotion of female cadets of the first years of training are defined on the basis of methodological principles corresponding to the specified approaches, and setting the value-target orientation of health promotion of female cadets, a basis of content and technological filling of the process of health strengthening of female cadets. For the solution of the problem of health promotion of female cadets in the higher educational institution leading valuable and target reference points of this process and design of necessary psychological and pedagogical influences are defined; requirements to the content of activity and to filling of the educational environment; characteristics of personal positions and features of interaction of subjects of education; organization of process of health promotion of female cadets of the first years of training and its correction.
CYBERNETIC (INFORMATIONAL) PEDAGOGY IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES, MODERN REALITIES, COMPREHENSION OF PROBLEMS
The paper reveals the essence of the process of managing students' cognitive activity on the basis of information and communication technologies. The information-cybernetic approach is considered as the leading methodological basis, which allows us to highlight the specifics of continuous interaction of subjects in the teacher – computer – student system. This paper studies the dynamics of the development of this area of pedagogy, based on electronic communication systems, means and technologies of teaching, which is entering the cybernetic period of its development and cybernetic pedagogy. The paper is devoted to the study of the prerequisites for the formation of cyber pedagogy. The importance of the development of cyber pedagogy as the foundation of the organization of modern education is substantiated, taking into account the influence of cyberspace on the processes of learning, education and development. The main stages of the development of cybernetic pedagogy in Germany are considered and determined. The approaches to the study of the problems of teaching and learning in the works of German (FRG) researchers are revealed, the characteristics and assessment of the real contribution to pedagogical theory are given.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR SUPPORTING FAMILY EDUCATION IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF SPORTS MOTIVATION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
A number of key tasks of modern state youth policy determine the importance of ensuring optimal socialization of the younger generation, prevention of various deviations, formation of attitudes and skills of a healthy lifestyle, etc. In its turn, an effective integrated way to solve these problems is, among others, the involvement of children and adolescents in systematic physical education and sports. The educational, socializing resourcefulness of this method is largely associated not only with the impact of the content of motor activity on the person, but also with the inclusion of students in socially approved activities, with the health-saving organization of their leisure, the achievement of the effects of physical, moral-volitional, intellectual, and other development. In particular, in the Concept for the development of additional education for children, as the results of the implementation of the sports direction, the types of activities reflected in it, significant personal and general social effects are noted. The success of involvement of children and adolescents in the long-term, systematic sports largely depends on parents, on the appropriate direction of family education. Theory and practice show that most families do not fully use the educational potential for the formation of children's motivation to go in for sports due to insufficient psychological and pedagogical awareness of its content and methods of implementation. This actualizes the importance of organizing pedagogical support for family education by the staff of educational institutions of additional education in the field of physical culture and sports. In its turn, the organization of this activity requires the creation of special pedagogical conditions, the definition of which is the purpose of the study reflected in this article.
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATIONAkhtaov R.A., Karyagina N.V., Ioakimidi Yu.A.METHODOLOGICAL BASES FOR ORGANIZING PROJECT ACTIVITY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LIFE SAFETY
Problematic issues of application of design technologies in school education are considered. The modern school does not fully realize the psychological and pedagogical potential of the project method as a personality-oriented learning technology. Today, the technology of educational projects is of great interest to teachers teaching the school course of "Fundamentals of Life Safety". The survey showed that many of them experience difficulties in organizing project activities, referring to the lack and insufficient development of educational and methodological material on the project method of teaching. The article reveals in detail the methodological foundations of the organization of project activity at the lessons of "Fundamentals of life safety of high school students." The developed and proposed topics of projects for studying the program material of the course of "Fundamentals of Life Safety" are aimed at increasing the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of the basics of life safety of 11th grade students. The paper reveals methodological techniques for close cooperation between the teacher and students in the classroom in the process of discussing and searching for the right answers and options for solving problem situations related to safety in everyday life. The article presents the materials of the study, analyzes the indicators of the level of knowledge of the fundamentals of life safety of 11th grade students at various stages of pedagogical experiment. The pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of using the method of organizing project activity in the process of teaching the fundamentals of life safety, which contributed to the increase of the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of the basics of life safety among high school students.
ON THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING MOTIVATION TO STUDY THE ADYGHE LANGUAGE
The problem of preserving the native (Adyghe) language is relevant in the Republic of Adygheya. Every year, the motivation to study the Adyghe language decreases among both young people and parents.
The younger generation forgets their native language, experiences great difficulties in the implementation of verbal communication. There is a gap in the intergenerational transmission of the language, and as a result, a decrease in the number of speakers of the Adyghe language. Both schoolchildren and their parents assume that their native language does not play a big role in their future, does not perform a significant communicative function. The reality of our time is such that Russian and English are needed for further education and careers of young people. Young people do not realize that their native speech is an invaluable treasure, the basis of the ideology and psychology of the people, its genetic memory, and that each of us is responsible for the preservation of the native language.
There is a need to solve the problem of preserving the language at the modern scientific level, increasing the motivation to study the Adyghe language and the effectiveness of teaching the Adyghe language as native and non-native. To solve these problems, it is necessary to strengthen the work:
- on the consolidation of scientific and pedagogical research on the Adyghe language and the methodology of its teaching;
- on scientific and methodological support of the educational process in the Adyghe language;
- on the development of new methods and new approaches to teaching the Adyghe language;
- on the improvement of qualifications and professional and methodological skills of teachers of the Adyghe language.
Fruitful joint activities of the Adyghe State University, the Institute for Humanitarian Research, the Center for Continuous Professional Development of Teachers, and family will help preserve the Adyghe language and increase motivation.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE ONLINE COURSES AS A NEW FORMAT OF DISTANCE LEARNING
In the context of the digital transformation of all aspects of the society, traditional educational trajectories are being replaced by e-learning. As a result, the active introduction of adaptive online learning courses as the most effective tool for innovative teaching technologies should be extended to all disciplines and areas of study at the university.
However, the methodology and practice of adaptive online courses application is still insufficiently studied. Despite the general understanding of the importance of personalized learning, focused on the needs and interests of a particular student, it is currently offered mainly by large academic and commercial providers of educational services and is almost completely absent in the practice of regional universities. In this regard, the purpose of the study seems to be relevant – to consider the process of developing, testing, implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of an adaptive e-learning course in the daily practice of a Russian university as one of the most actual and promising innovative teaching methods in the face of modern challenges.
The paper proposes a model for building an adaptive learning system in electronic environment: formulates key approaches to the formation of a designed online course, selects an available software environment for its implementation, formulates and consistently discloses the main stages of preparation, implementation, pedagogical and technical testing of an adaptive learning system. The development of the course was based on a student-centered and competence-based approach, the principles of modern didactics, a micro-learning strategy and content “normalization”.
The main result of the study is that the proposed technology for implementation of an adaptive online course can form the basis for creating a system of personalized learning in a variety of disciplines and areas of training for a domestic higher school.
READINESS OF FUTURE TEACHERS TO USE NEW SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AS A DOMINANT COMPONENT OF THEIR MEDIA COMPETENCE
In the article, the problem of the formation of future teachers' readiness to use new social media in the educational process of the school is considered in conjunction with the problems of their media education. On the basis of the analysis of modern scientific ideas about the content of media education, the author proposes to consider the readiness to use new social media as one of the leading components of the general structure of media competence as its result. At the same time, the author understands the appropriate readiness as systemic formation of students’ personality as subjects of future pedagogical activity, which includes theoretical knowledge about new social media, their educational resource, the impact on the formation of the personality of schoolchildren, methods and technologies for integrating them into the general system of the pedagogical process construction, the ability to work with media texts and media products, the skills to realize their potential in the system of schoolchildren’s education and upbringing, as well as personal qualities of teachers, including developed critical thinking, creativity and motivation for appropriate pedagogical activity. Based on the theoretical concepts presented in the article, the author empirically determines the level of formation of modern students as future teachers (n = 200), readiness to use new social media in school educational process and the features of its relationship with their media literacy. As a result of the study, the author comes to conclusion that it is expedient to include new content in the media education of future teachers.
PEDAGOGICAL MONITORING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF THE MILITARY UNIVERSITY TEACHER
The renewal of the Russian system of military professional education orients the heads and teachers of military universities to the search for modern approaches to the effective organization of the educational process, which can be ensured if there is a high level of military professional skills of teachers. In this regard, the problem of development of the military-professional skills of teachers of a higher military school, one of the means of objective assessment of which is pedagogical monitoring, becomes topical. The results of the analysis of domestic concepts of the formation of pedagogical skills of a teacher (A.V. Barabanshchikov, A.K. Bykov, N.V. Kuzmina, L.M. Mitina, etc.) made it possible to conclude that the professional and pedagogical activity of a teacher of a military university with the high level of formation of professional skills is due to the formation of the complex of professionally significant personal qualities, which are manifested in successful professional self-determination, self-actualization and self-realization. The purpose of the study was to scientifically substantiate and test the model of pedagogical monitoring of the development of military professional skills of military university teachers. Experimental work was carried out in 2019-2023 academic years on the basis of Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots. It was attended by 65 school teachers with different teaching experience and level of professional skills, divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental one. The developed model of pedagogical monitoring makes it possible to successfully assess the level of development of military professional skills of a military university teacher, taking into account professional and job requirements and the needs of modern educational practice. Approbation of author's approach in the conditions of Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots made it possible to increase the indicators of the level of development of military professional skills of military university teachers and the educational process quality.
MAIN RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF READINESS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF FUTURE INTERPRETERS BY MEANS OF JOURNALISTIC TEXTS
This scientific article presents the results of the conducted research on the problem of formation of readiness for professional activity of future interpreters by means of journalistic texts. The choice of this topic of research is due to the need to overcome a number of difficulties in the educational and professional activities of future interpreters in the formation and development of some professional skills of future interpreters. The model of readiness for professional activity of future interpreters is defined. A set of methodological exercises aimed at the formation of specific criteria of readiness for professional activity of future interpreters has been developed. The predominant role of long-term memory in the formation of the basic professional skills of the interpreter and methodological possibilities of the formation of the skill of working with long-term memory are determined. Journalistic texts with linguistic and pedagogical potential to achieve this goal have become a means of formation of readiness for professional activity of future interpreters. The study takes into account the communicative function of the interpreter as a retranslator (the interpreter is not a full-fledged participant in communication), which is a specific skill somewhat different than just the ability to perceive authentic speech by ear and possession of stable speech generation skills in foreign languages, since teaching translation and learning a foreign language have different goals. The communicative principle, as the main one in translation activities and in methodological organization of language classes is also reflected in the methodology of the system of exercises compiled in order to form the readiness for professional activity of future interpreters. On the basis of working with long-term memory, it also becomes possible to form the skill of retranslation, the skill of producing foreign speech, the skill of understanding foreign speech by ear and the skill of controlling speech centers in a stressful situation. A system of classes with interval repetition of lexical units is devoted to the formation of the skill of working with long-term memory.
THE ROLE OF MODERN TEACHERS IN THE FORMATION OF METACOGNITIVE COMPETENCES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
The metacognitive competencies of schoolchildren combine the ability to analyze and adequately assess not only the level of their own knowledge and skills in a particular area, but also their own opportunities for improving, correcting, enriching this knowledge and skills. They include ideas of the individual regarding the ability to solve a certain kind of tasks, perform certain functions, use and modernize strategies, technologies and methods of activity. Obviously, the formation of metacognitive competencies determines the ability of a person to effectively carry out continuous self-education and self-improvement. Their formation is the basis for the achievement of the given personal and meta-subject results of education. In this regard, the readiness of modern teachers to solve problems of the formation of metacognitive competencies in students is critical. In its turn, ensuring this readiness requires, firstly, clarifying the degree of influence of social and educational conditions on the formation of these qualities of students; secondly, obtaining ideas about the real level of the knowledge and skills of teachers necessary in this connection, their motives and value orientations. Obtaining these empirical data was the goal of the study. The achievement of the goal was carried out using theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and empirical (expert assessment, survey, testing) research methods. The analysis and interpretation of the results made it possible to formulate conclusions regarding: the nature of the influence of the modern social environment, the educational environment, teachers on the success of the formation of schoolchildren's metacognitive competencies; the degree of theoretical, psychological and practical readiness of teachers for the formation of metaconitive competencies of schoolchildren; key areas for optimizing the process of training current teachers and students, that are intending teachers for solving the problems of formation of metacognitive competencies of modern schoolchildren.
IMPLEMENTATION OF REFLEXIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING
One of the needs of our society is the need for high-class specialists, professionals who are able to quickly and efficiently solve the assigned tasks, who know how, using reflection mechanisms, to independently engage in self-development and reach new professional "tops." The lack of reflexive abilities is often associated with insufficient theoretical and methodological study of this issue in the field of general and vocational education. It is necessary to understand that reflection is an important tool in the process of development and formation of a human being as a person, and as a professional. The article discusses the process of formation of reflexive technologies from the origin of the term "reflection" in the works of 17th-century scientists to its use in the modern educational process.
The performed analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature made it possible to identify certain aspects of the application of the studied technologies in the process of vocational training, to disclose the criteria that must be taken into account when developing and introducing reflexive technologies into the educational process.
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