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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series «Pedagogy and Psychology» |
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#1 / 2022GENERAL PEDAGOGY, HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY AND EDUCATIONAutleva A.N., Shorova Zh.I., Tlyustangelova I.Kh.IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INNOVATIVE PROJECT "MULTILEVEL MODEL OF FORMATION OF RESEARCH AND LABOR SKILLS IN RURAL SCHOOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGHEA" BASED ON CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES IN RURAL AREAS
The paper reveals the countryside as a resource for building a multi-level model for the formation of research and labor skills in students of rural school. The authors substantiate the actual, potential resources of the social space of rural areas, as well as risk factors for the formation of research and practical skills among students in rural schools. The relevance of such an educational model lies in the need to involve students in rural schools in research and labor activities basing on the reconstruction of the agricultural culture of the Adyghes. The project is being implemented in the mode of establishing interdisciplinary links between different areas: pedagogical, ethno-economic in the context of the cultural and semantic uniqueness of the region of the Republic of Adyghea. The implementation of the innovative project "Multilevel model of formation of research and labor skills in rural schools of the Republic of Adyghea" involves the construction of an educational process based on paradigmatic attitudes (pragmatic, constructivist, existential, synergetic) to establish mechanisms for the interaction of various scientific, subject, educational areas of natural science and social and humanitarian scientific fields.
A multilevel model provides the possibility and necessity of using different approaches to the understanding of the studied phenomena and processes. Along with this, polyparadigmality ensures the versatility of a research project, creates the possibility of considering the same phenomenon in different aspects, and discovering various problem fields in it. At the same time, it is possible not only to develop interdisciplinary interaction between the subjects of the educational space of rural areas in the implementation of research and labor projects aimed at the formation of agronomic traditions of farming. It is concluded that this approach will allow developing a balance of interaction in the system "Man - Nature - Society" through the revival and demonstration of agronomic culture among students in rural schools.
MOTIVATIONALLY NEEDED SOCIAL ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS IN STUDENTS FROM SINGLE - PARENT FAMILIES
An important requirement of modern society is the continuous development of the individual in the professional sphere. The basis for successful social functioning is laid in the family. However, this very moment there is a significant increase in the number of single-parent families. The results of numerous studies show the negative impact on the child's personality and his activity in society of the situation when there is no parent in the family. Our preliminary observation showed that students from single-parent families more often show interest in the public affairs of the university, more consciously approach the choice of specialty. This contradiction served as the basis for the study.
We studied the peculiarities and motives of students' social activity in the spheres of work and personal life. The results of the questionnaire showed that the number of working students from incomplete families this moment is twice that from complete families. Also, students from incomplete families have the following trends: there is more interest in areas of activity with high wages and managerial positions; specificity and realism of career plans; going to work at age 14-17; the desire for an earlier marriage and the dominance of the opinion that both spouses should work. According to the indicators of motivators of socio-psychological personality activity (achievement of success in general, the desire for power, the tendency to recognition and respect) higher scores are observed in students from full families. In general, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the manifestation of socio-psychological activity among students in the experimental and control groups.
HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES FOR FINANCIAL LITERACY AS A FUNDAMENTAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF RESPONSIBLE FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR IN STUDENTS OF SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The paper justifies the relevance of increasing financial literacy among students of secondary educational institutions at the state level. Based on the historical facts of the 20th century on the restructuring of the state, the division of its integrity into a union of independent states and the transition of the country from a planned economy to a market economy, the authors highlighted the weaknesses and strengths of economic reorganization of state scale. During the research work, the main directions of state policy in the field of education were analyzed. It is a priority activity to educate and form the financially competent, responsible, emotionally strong, confident in achievement of their purposes, purposeful members of society motivated on achievement of financial success. The matter concerns the citizens having skills of responsible financial behavior, being a support of social society, capable to participate in the actions directed to achievement of high rates of economic development of the state in general. At the socio-pedagogical level, the need of society for a person with knowledge, skills and practical skills of responsible financial behavior in the process of specialized education is indicated for the application of his abilities after graduating from high school and choosing the direction of further study in higher educational institutions of professional level.
The purpose of the socio-pedagogical study was to study the attitude of students in the tenth and eleventh grades to events held in secondary educational schools on improving the level of financial literacy at the stage of obtaining specialized education. Based on the opinion of students, the authors had to identify priority and desired methods, forms and sources of improving financial literacy, identify the causes of inefficiency and weaknesses of the educational process in order to eliminate them and modernize the process of socio-economic education.
As a result of the study, it was found that students in secondary school do not have a common understanding of "financial literacy". Peculiarities of perceptions of information, which can be used in the educational process to increase financial literacy, have been identified, goals of effective work on formation of financial literacy of trainees at the stage of obtaining specific socio-economic education. The education system has established a new problem that requires additional research and the search for ways to "smooth" the transition from the educational process of financial literacy of a secondary school to the formation of responsible financial behavior in the personality at the stages of further education (development) in higher and professional educational institutions. There is an urgent need for highly qualified specialists in the economic sector of education to integrate them into the educational process of secondary school.
DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIENCE OF SYSTEM ORIENTATION IN TECHNOSPHERE AMONG PRESCHOOLERS
The current socio-economic situation negatively affects the comprehensive development of the abilities and qualities of the younger generation. At the same time, the modernization of the education system places increased demands on the personality of each individual. Preschool education is at the forefront of creating conditions for minimizing threats on the one hand and meeting the challenges of digitalization and technologization on the other. In the conditions of economic development of the city of Sochi and the region as a whole, the priority areas of the professional sphere are technical, including informational and communicative, automatic and program. The article is devoted to the actual problems of the development of different types of giftedness of preschool children by the example of working with children who have the makings of technical giftedness. The article highlights the thematic areas of work with preschool children showing signs of technical giftedness. The author reveals the concept of "technical giftedness", types and methods.
In the article, a significant place is given to the description of the directions and ways of involving parents in the educational process.
FEATURES OF EXPRESSION OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL VIABILITY BY GIFTED TEENAGERS
The transformation of the education system, the construction of the latest strategies for the development of society have actualized the problems of teaching the younger generation. At the state level, an extensive representation of learning has been established as activities focused on the development of the individual, the formation of conditions for the purpose of their self-determination, as well as the socialization of students based on the socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values established in Russian society. The documents of the national educational initiative "Our New School" note that a system of support for talented children should be created. Simultaneously with the implementation of the standard of general education, an extensive system of support for this category of children should be built throughout the entire period of personality development. Also, the UNESCO Declaration on “Education of the 21st Century” publicly states that the value of stable sustainable formation of a person and society should be the most important value of a new culture. As it also states the main task of current education should be to form the viability of the younger generation, ready to make decisions independently, to bear responsibility for the consequences of their own decisions according to life self-determination.
This paper reflects the features of interaction with gifted adolescents, the essential characteristic of giftedness from the point of view of various researchers. The content of the concept of "social-personal vitality", its structure and levels are studied. In the course of the study, a stating experiment was conducted to identify the level of formation of the social and personal viability of gifted adolescents using various methods basing on the Republican Natural and Mathematical School (RNMS) and the Regional Center for the Identification and Support of Gifted Children "Polaris-Adyghea". A partnership network and a base of respondents participating in the study were created, and criteria-based diagnostic support for the process of forming the social and personal viability of gifted adolescents has been developed.
ETHICAL FORMS OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR AS A WAY OF CONFRONTING THE SPIRITUAL AND MORAL PANDEMIC OF HUMAN DEHUMANIZATION
The paper deals with the problem of ethical forms of collective and individual behavior against the background of a dangerous humanitarian situation associated with negative trends of disintegration and separation, which take place in modern society on a wide scale. These trends threaten to undermine the very foundations of stability and balance in the social relations of people and society as a whole.
Accordingly, our urgent task at this stage is to develop those forms of collective and individual ethical behavior that are consistent with the idea of integration and togetherness of people. The authors show that the idea of integration, inextricably connected with such concepts as "culture", "ethics", "morality", "humanism" is aimed at the development and improvement of people and society.
The paper addresses various forms of collective and individual ethical behavior, including forms of ritual behavior that will contribute to opposing destructive natural and social forces and the survival of a humane community of people.
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATIONBulat R.E., Baychorova Kh.S., Lebedev A.Yu., Soboleva O.R.ADAPTABLE TRAINING SPACE OF THE INNOVATIVE CLASS-DESIGNER OF COMBAT TRAINING OF FIRE DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL
The paper presents the results of the development of an innovative class-designer of combat training of personnel of the fire department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. The proposed concept is based on the previously unused approach to the organization of the adaptable educational space of the training rooms of the fire and rescue units of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. The novelty of organizing a training audience in the fire and rescue department consists in the formation of an educational environment, which includes a combination of the capabilities of information technologies in education and the modern organization of the space of a training audience based on minimalism, portability, mobility and high technologies. The organization of the educational space of the innovative class of training personnel of fire protection units is based on the modern class-designer, which allows adapting the educational audience to various types and goals of classes. Therefore, its equipment includes mobile tables of a specially designed form, which allow transformation of the classroom space depending on the tasks of a particular lesson. Within the framework of the study, the authors developed the methodological recommendations on the use of an innovative class in the combat training of guard personnel (duty shifts). Evaluation of a new approach to the organization of training space in the classrooms of the fire and rescue units by the method of an expert survey confirmed the feasibility of its implementation in the fire departments of the territorial bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia in order to increase the quality of professional training of personnel.
METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONMarkushevskaya E.A., Rubtsova N.N.ORGANIZATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TRAINING OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO FORM META-SUBJECT COMPETENCES IN YOUNGER SCHOOL PERSONS
The paper analyzes the modern system of primary education, which guarantees the creation of conditions for the harmonious, most favorable mental and social development of schoolchildren. The authors identify the problematic issues of preparing future primary school teachers for the formation of meta-subject competencies in younger students. A number of studies are considered in which the authors believe that the emergence of new values in education fundamentally determines the new tasks of professional and pedagogical training aimed at ensuring the formation of new competencies in a modern teacher. The rationale for the need to form new competencies in future primary school teachers is carried out; a didactic and methodological model for training students in the pedagogical direction is developed and described, and technological aspects of the implementation of this model are presented. The significance of theoretical disciplines and the passage of pedagogical practices are disclosed and are responsible for the personal and professional training of future primary school teachers. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, within the framework of our study, a didactic and methodological model was developed for preparing students - future primary school teachers for the formation of meta-subject competencies and its organizational and pedagogical support. This model consists of three blocks: the target block, intended for reflecting the social order, the purpose and objectives of the didactic and methodological training of students in order to form meta-subject competencies in younger students; the organizational content block, revealing the subject-semantic content of theoretical, technological, methodological and practical training of students; and the evaluative resulting block, which combines the criteria, indicators and levels of students' training for the formation of meta-subject competencies in younger students.
Particular attention is paid to the description of the program of activities tested in the Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University for the preparation of students studying in the pedagogical direction in the profile "Primary Education" for the formation of meta-subject competencies in younger students. As part of the study, the course "Pedagogy of Primary Education" was developed, aimed at providing methodological support to students, the content of which includes informational and practical-technological components.
SYSTEM OF SUPPORT FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ICT COMPETENCE IN TEACHERS OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
The paper is devoted to the study of the system of supporting the professional development of ICT competence in teachers of educational organizations. The authors analyze the theoretical foundations of the holistic organization of activities, during which the teacher raises his professional skills and develops his information and communication competence. The authors also provide experimental material that reveals the problems of digitalization of school education, as well as defines the list of requirements for ICT competence for the teacher of an educational organization. The experimental group consisted of experts - ninety-six respondents working in educational institutions of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adyghea. Selection indicators included the presence of higher professional education, professional work experience of at least 10 years, and the first qualification category. The authors propose a developed expert map, with the help of which the most relevant ICT competencies were specified. The theoretical and empirical analysis enabled the authors to determine the main components of the system for supporting the professional development of ICT competence in teachers of educational organizations. Those are attributive characteristics, theoretical principles, a structure that includes criteria indicators of teachers' ICT competence (media literacy, as the ability to analyze and evaluate information from various media sources; striving for continuous professional improvement; media security skills; high adaptive potential; creative thinking; high communication skills) and the mechanism for system implementation.
EXTRACURRICULAR FORMS OF WORK OF MANAGEMENT STUDENTS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF FORMING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
The paper deals with the problem of improving the efficiency of mastering the professional competencies of bachelor students studying in the field of training 38.03.02 - "Management". The aim of the research is to develop extracurricular forms of work of management students contributing to effective development of professional competencies. The list of events proposed for participation and selected by students included participation in scientific and practical conferences of various levels (departmental, interdepartmental, university and international), participation in scientific forums and festivals, attendance of specialized Saturday lectures at Lomonosov Moscow State University and other events. Preparation and participation in extracurricular activities allowed the students of the experimental group to show higher results in specialized disciplines compared to students who limited themselves only to mandatory tasks provided for in the curriculum and programs of specialized disciplines, which is confirmed by statistically significant differences.
QUALITY CRITERIA FOR PROFESSIONAL PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MILITARY UNIVERSITY TEACHERS AND FACTORS OF THEIR ACHIEVEMENT
Ensuring the high quality of military vocational education is largely associated with the optimal characteristics of the professional pedagogical activities of teachers of military universities. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of the work of military teachers, a set of factors and conditions that determine it, set a range of guidelines for building a system for improving the quality of the educational process itself. In psychological and pedagogical science, there are currently different opinions regarding the components, criteria, and indicators of the quality of professional pedagogical activity. Integral can be considered the idea that the quality of the professional pedagogical activity of a teacher of a military university is a characteristic of its productivity, effectiveness, efficiency, the degree of compliance of the content and process, results with the regulatory requirements of the state and society, the completeness and degree of achievement of educational and upbringing goals. However, the specifics of assessing the quality of work of teachers of military universities, the features of its criteria and indicators, as well as the corresponding factors for achieving high performance efficiency have not been studied to the full.
The paper reveals the characteristics of the professional pedagogical activity of a teacher of a military educational institution and the factors of their achievement. The criteria and indicators of the quality of professional and pedagogical activity of teachers of military universities are considered in detail. Those include direct (characterize the teachers themselves, their personality, activity) and indirect (characterize the personality and activity of cadets); current - by the assessment interval - (characterize the results of teachers / cadets during the educational period) and final (characterize the results of teachers / cadets at the end of the educational period).
As an obligatory component of the teacher's professional activity, complementing the pedagogical, the features of research activities are disclosed: understanding of the tentative composition of competence-based factors that characterize in general the cognitive-operational side of the personality of teachers, and motivational-value factors that characterize the axiological-affective sphere of the personality of a military teacher. The factors ensuring the quality of professional and pedagogical activities of teachers of military universities, described by modern scientists in the field of military pedagogy, fully correlate with our theoretically identified criteria.
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